Cycle of poverty: The cycle of poverty is the set of factors or events by which poverty, once started, is likely to continue unless there is outside intervention. Displacement of residents and neighborhood culture: New (and usually outside) investment may attract new residents and drive up the cost of living for current residents, making the neighborhood unaffordable or unfavorable for them, and thus causing residents to leave or changing the entire cultural heritage and identity of the neighborhood. Individual prejudice and bigotry: This generally manifests in two ways: an internal sense of inferiority and an internal sense of superiority. It isn’t just about race; it can also be manifested around class, gender, religion, sexual orientation, etc. Inequitable and predatory policies and systems: Policies and political, economic and social systems may prey on and take advantage of the vulnerable and fail to address the inequities they experience. Institutionalized racism: This includes the ways in which racism is systemically and structurally present in our systems and society as a whole, which is governed by behavioral norms that support racist thinking and active racism. It is reflected in disparities related to wealth, income, the criminal justice system, employment, housing, health care, political power and education, among other things. Lack of localized and citizen political power and voice: This occurs when local residents lack the understanding, resources and competencies to effectively represent or overcome the barriers to their interests and influence the decisions that affect their neighborhood, or when those in political power or with decision-making authority choose to ignore the voices of residents, particularly minority or marginalized residents. Lack of market control: This is a problem when the cost of basic needs that inform quality of life are not affordable to most residents in the neighborhood. For example, for the most part, housing is not treated as a basic need but rather a commodity, and therefore the cost of housing is primarily set not by an ethical or moral standard, but by whatever the market will bear. “What the market will bear” is generally not the same thing as “what is affordable for most people.” Neighborhood disinvestment: This occurs when the community lacks resources — or those willing to invest resources — to sustain a high quality of life. Poor design and land use: Land use regulations may increase the price of property (what some call a “zoning tax”), causing the burden of land use regulations to be borne disproportionately by low-income people, particularly renters. Regular shifts in the demographic makeup of neighborhoods: Because of multiple factors, the population makeup of our neighborhoods can change very rapidly, making it difficult to build the sense of community and cohesion that usually happens over an extended period. Examples of influencing factors include regular shifts in the demographic makeup of neighborhoods: Because of multiple factors, the population makeup of our neighborhoods can change very rapidly, making it difficult to build the sense of community and cohesion that usually happens over an extended period. Examples of influencing factors include reinvestment and displacement in neighborhoods, rapidly changing socio-economic factors, and the confluence of different cultural and ethnic populations in and out of neighborhoods.